Defending the safety of our food supply through education
FPE is collaborative multi-institution public and private partnership within the DHS National Center for Food Protection and Defense. Resources are provided to enhance our nation's intellectual capacity to prepare for, protect, respond to and recover from incidences of intentional contamination of our food supply.
Topic(s): Government.
The intent of this article is to summarize the Recordkeeping and Records Access Final Rule and explore the implications for food processing professionals. Specifically the article examines who is subject to the rule, what foods are included in the rule, and what records must be established and maintained by non-transporters.
Author: Lance Reeve
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.aibfooddefense.org/resources/articles/FoodSecurity2005.pdf
This report examines a draft plan, prepared by the Environmental Protection Agency, that identifies critical security issues for drinking water and wastewater and outlines related research and technical support needs. It also recommends increased attention to interagency coordination and encourages additional consideration of current restrictions on the dissemination of secure information.
Author: National Academies Press
Format: Online
URL: http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10772.html
This awareness level satellite broadcast program provides viewers with information concerning the risks of agro-terrorism and recent changes in food production designed to increase food safety at the state and national level. Bruce L. Akey, BS, MS, DVM, Assistant Director of Animal Industry and Assistant Veterinarian for the NYS Department of Agriculture and Markets shares his expertise relating to the issues surrounding the susceptibility of our food sources to agro-terrorism.
Author: Center for Public Health Preparedness
Format: Online
URL: http://media1.acs.albany.edu:8080/ramgen/cellar/sph/food_terrorism/foodterrorism.rm
This paper focuses on the goals of agroterrorism, possible groups engaged in this type of terrorism, the consequences of such actions, features of an attack, how technology will change the threat of terrorism, what states are most at risk, and how agroterrorism might be deterred.
Author: Mark Wheelis, University of California, Davis
Format: Online
URL: http://www.fas.org/bwc/agr/agwhole.htm
Agriculture requires a domestic preparedness program to for economic and employment protection. Though progress has been made since the September 11 attacks, concerns remain regarding the deliberate introduction of a Foreign Animal Disease (FAD) in multiple locations and/or with multiple pathogens that could potentially overwhelm an emergency response system. In this context, adequate preparation of veterinary and scientific personnel is crucial.
Author: Stephen M. Apatow, Humanitarian Resource Institute
Format: Online
URL: http://www.humanitarian.net/biodefense/ap11602.html
This report explores agriculture as a terrorist target, which is increasingly recognized as a national security threat. According to the author, "agroterrorism is a subset of bioterrorism, and is defined as the deliberate introduction of an animal or plant disease with the goal of generating fear, causing economic losses, and/or undermining stability."
Author: Jim Monke, Congressional Research Service
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.fas.org/irp/crs/RL32521.pdf
As relatively little consideration has been given to terrorist threats against agriculture and food industries, RAND Corporation examines key weaknesses inherent in the agricultural sector and the food chain, assesses the capabilities needed to exploit those vulnerabilities, and discusses potential ways to improve agricultural emergency response and management.
Author: RAND Corporation
Format: Online
URL: http://rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB7565/RB7565.pdf
The ALERT initiative is intended to raise the awareness of state and local government agency and industry representatives regarding food defense issues and preparedness. It is generic enough to apply to all aspects of the farm-to-table supply chain and is designed to spark thought and discussion with a variety of stakeholders. ALERT identifies five key points that industry and businesses can use to decrease the risk of intentional food contamination at their facility.
Author: Food and Drug Administration
Format: Online
URL: http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/alert.html
This audio tutorial, presented by Pam Jenkins, MSN, EdD, Foodborne Disease Nurse Epidemiologist at the NC Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Public Health, gives the viewer an introduction to epidemiological investigations of foodborne disease outbreaks.
Author: North Carolina Center for Public Health Preparedness
Format: Classroom
URL: http://www.sph.unc.edu/nccphp/training/anatomy/certificate.htm
This backgrounder provides detailed information on the outbreak of Mad Cow Disease in the United States. This site links you to other helpful resources.
Author: Purdue Extension
Format: Online
URL: http://www.ces.purdue.edu/madcow/
This presentation outlines a history of bioterrorism, recent biological attacks, the history of anthrax, human infection, treatment, current bioterrorist events in the United States, and other chemical agents.
Author: Supercourse
Format: Powerpoint presentation
URL: http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec9751/index.htm
The definition of avian influenza, its modes of transmission, infection with humans, symptoms and signs of the disease, food safety issues, and vaccinations and treatment options.
Author: Supercourse
Format: Powerpoint presentation
URL: http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec22721/index.htm
Guidance for pork producers for recognizing vulnerabilities to biosecurity threats.
Author: National Pork Board & American Association of Swine Veterinarians
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.biosecuritycenter.org/content/biosecurity.pdf
Presents guidelines for the development of a biosecurity plan to protect livestock from disease.
Author: University of Nebraska
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.ianrpubs.unl.edu/epublic/live/g1442/build/g1442.pdf
Fears about terrorism usually center on nuclear or biological weapons. But attackers could cause huge economic damage by spreading plant or animal diseases. This article explains how this threat is being confronted.
Author: Virginia Gewin
Format: Online
URL: http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nature/journal/v421/n6919/full/421106a_fs.html
This strategic plan is an update of the 2004-2009 CSREES Strategic Plan to reflect the priorities of the Department as described in the USDA Strategic Plan for FY 2005-2010. It updates the key policy and management objectives that integrated within CSREES budget priorities and accounted for through evaluations of portfolios of Agency programs and by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in its Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART). Central to the plan is effective management of the Agency’s limited resources to best address USDA education and research needs. As noted in the USDA strategic plan, research (which provides the foundation for modern agriculture) is a key to success in meeting the Department’s goals. Extension assures the timely transfer of scientifically valid knowledge and information to producers, managers, and other citizens. Education programs provide the foundation upon which research and extension rely by building the scientific and agricultural literate human resource capacity. CSREES continues to advance the strength of its programs through emphasizing a greater interdisciplinary focus and by integrating research, education, and extension activities, where appropriate. The goal of these approaches is to apply the best and brightest thinking from multiple disciplinary backgrounds to increasingly complex problems and to facilitate the transfer of information and technology from the researcher to public benefit.
Author: U.S. Department of Agriculture
Format: Online
URL: http://www.csrees.usda.gov/about/offices/pdfs/csrees_stratic_plan.pdf
This study examined law enforcement's role in protecting American agriculture from international and domestic terrorists, militant animal rights groups, economic opportunists, and disgruntled employees.
Author: Terry Knowles, James Lane, Dr. Gary Bayens,Dr. Nevil Speer, Dr. Jerry Jaax , Dr. David Carter, Dr. Andra Bannister
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/212280.pdf
In a disaster situation (natural or man-made), pets are not allowed inside emergency shelters for people. For that reason, animal owners must have a plan in place to care for their pets and/or livestock should a disaster hit at home.
Author: Indiana State Board of Animal Health
Format: Online
URL: http://www.in.gov/boah/disaster/manMade.html
This document discusses early warning systems and other management approaches that may increase the chances of preventing human exposure if biological weapons are used in drinking water systems.
Author: Jeffery A. Foran & Thomas M. Brosnan
Format: Online
URL: http://www.ehponline.org/realfiles/docs/2000/108p993-995foran/foran-full.html
This report evaluates the Environmental Protection Agency's role in BioWatch, an early warning system designed to detect the release of biological agents in the air through monitoring and laboratory analysis.
Author: Environmental Protection Agency
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.epa.gov/oig/reports/2005/20050323-2005-P-00012.pdf
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has published the final two proposed food safety regulations required by the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002 ("The Bioterrorism Act of 2002"), which gave FDA new authority to protect the nation's food supply. Proposed regulations on the establishment and maintenance of records would apply to almost all foreign and domestic food sources and recipients of food destined for U.S. consumption. Other proposed regulations on administrative detention implement FDA's new, self-executing authority to detain any article of food that may pose a threat of serious adverse health consequences or death.
Author: Food and Drug Administration
Format: Classroom
URL: http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/NEWS/2003/NEW00902.html
A column on the importance of safeguarding our food & agricultural supply from threats of intentional contamination. Included is a checklist offering advice on preventative steps food producers can implement.
Author: Minnesota Department of Agriculture
Format: Online
URL: http://www.mda.state.mn.us/commissioner/columns/2003mar.htm
This guide encourages consumers to look out for signs of intentional food contamination and to report cases of suspected food tampering to the local police or through the USDA's Meat and Poultry Hotline.
Author: U.S. Department of Agriculture
Format: Online
URL: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OA/topics/foodsec_cons.htm
This is a dynamic presentation combining a lecture discussing foodsafety and bioterrorism with an interactive tabletop exercise. This hands?on experience will allow participants to interact with other responders in their community and prepare for the possibility of a bioterrror attack.
Author: Center for Public Health Preparedness
Format: Online
URL: http://www.asph.org/acphp/detail.cfm?ResourceID=1034
This report analyzes the safety and quality of the U.S. food supply and compares it to the consolidated food safety systems of Canada, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom.
Author: U.S. Government Accountability Office
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d05212.pdf
This article discusses the history of the bioterrorism act and the subsequent government actions to increase food protection and defense since the act was passed in 2002. The article also outlines the history of food threats and analysis.
Author: Wayne Ellefson and Ron Weiss
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.covance.com/docs/food_jun05.pdf
This article discusses food security examining the difference between food security and food safety, the potential impacts of an attack on the food supply, the most vulnerable foods, potential agents, and responsibilities of citizens to help protect against such attacks.
Author: U.S. Department of Agriculture
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/PPT/Workshop_Food_Security_Awareness_alt/index.asp
This course focuses on public health preparedness and response related to food system biosecurity. Examines the current status of the food production and processing industries of the U.S. and the impact of ongoing changes on the ability of the food system to respond to threats; whether naturally occurring, accidental or intentional. A systems approach to biosecurity is presented along with several models for systematic evaluation of vulnerabilities (including HACCP and ORM) and the effect of these systems on the health of the community. Problem solving frameworks will be applied to the food and agricultural industries including a public health model, Haddon's Matrix; policy, educational and engineering intervention techniques; and safety and industrial hygiene hierarchies. The role of risk communication and preparedness planning is discussed including the importance of test exercises and contingency planning.
Author: University of Minnesota
Format: Online
URL: http://safety.coafes.umn.edu/pubh7211/index.html
As part of its continuing effort to help protect America's food supply from intentional and unintentional contamination, this report from USDA is designed to help facilities and shippers that handle meat, poultry, and egg products strengthen their food safety and security plans. The guidelines provide recommendations to ensure the security of food products through all phases of distribution.
Author: U.S. Department of Agriculture
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/oa/topics/transportguide.pdf
A reaction article to the May 2005 New York Times opinion piece on May 30, 2005 that made the claim that a single terrorist could contaminate the milk supply with a lethal toxin by following the instructions in a jihadi manual available on the Internet.
Author: Milton Leitenberg and George Smith
Format: Online
URL: http://www.fas.org/sgp/eprint/milk.html
This news release announces another step in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services comprehensive approach to enhancing food security?the allocation of $5 million to support a new research program that develops technologies and strategies to prevent and minimize potential threats to the safety and security of the nation's food supply.
Author: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Format: Online
URL: http://www.dhhs.gov/news/press/2003pres/20030723.html
This study assesses how vulnerable the agricultural sector and the food chain are to a deliberate act of biological terrorism, explores possible outcomes of a successful attack, and outlines the agricultural industry's importance to the U.S. economy.
Author: RAND Corporation
Format: PDF file
URL: http://rand.org/pubs/monographs/2004/RAND_MG135.pdf
The Environmental Protection Agency's Homeland Security Strategy guides the agency's homeland security efforts, describing its goals, initiatives, and key activities for protecting the nation from the consequences of terrorist attacks.
Author: Environmental Protection Agency
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.epa.gov/OHS/pdfs/EPA-HS-Strategy.pdf
Training includes security & crisis plan development, evaluation & updating.
Author: Iowa Homeland Security & Emergency Management
Format: Online
URL: http://www.iowahomelandsecurity.org/asp/training/classes.asp
U.S. agriculture generates more than $1 trillion per year in economic activity and provides an abundant food supply for Americans and others. Since September 11, concerns have surfaced about the vulnerability of U.S. agriculture to agroterrorism. Several agencies, including the Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Departments of Agriculture, Homeland Security, Health and Human Services, and Defense, play a role in protecting the nation against agroterrorism. In this report, the Government Accountability Office examines the federal agencies' roles and responsibilities to protect against agroterrorism, the steps that the agencies have taken to manage the risks of agroterrorism, and the challenges that remain.
Author: U.S. Government Accountability Office
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d05214.pdf
This lecture examines the history of biological warfare, biological terrorism, the basics of bioterrorism, agents of bioterrorism, characteristics of agents, and anthrax.
Author: Supercourse
Format: Powerpoint presentation
URL: http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec10181/index.htm
This presentation examines the identification of anthrax, anthrax in the United States, small pox, diganosis of small pox, and the war on diseases.
Author: Supercourse
Format: Powerpoint presentation
URL: http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec10191/index.htm
Report strategies for effective communication during a crisis incident when typical communication capabilities are non-operational. Provides guidance on governance, standards / technology & funding.
Author: Iowa Communications Task Force
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.iowahomelandsecurity.org/asp/CoEM_FR/ComInteropStrategy.pdf
Video interview with Nebraska Extension presenting guidelines for enhanced on-farm security.
Author: University of Nebraska
Format: Online
URL: http://ianrhome.unl.edu/inthenews/agroterrorism.shtml
This paper discusses the biosecurity threat faced by the United States' agricultural resources. It includes information on the agricultural biosecurity threat, potential perpetrators, and potential crop pathogens.
Author: Center for Infectious Disease Research & Policy
Format: Online
URL: http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/cidrap/content/biosecurity/ag-biosec/biofacts/agbiooview.html
This progress report outlines the Food and Drug Administration's 10-Point Program for ensuring the safety and security of the food supply.
Author: U.S. Food & Drug Administration
Format: Online
URL: http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/fssrep.html
This report discusses the federal requirements for the security of the chemical and water sectors, both of which are defined as critical infrastructure systems and assets by the USA PATRIOT Act.
Author: U.S. Government Accountability Office
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d05327.pdf
This audio tutorial presentation by Dr. Fred Angulo, Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, US Center for Disease Control and Prevention, gives the viewer an introduction to the public health burden of foodborne disease.
Author: North Carolina Center for Public Health Preparedness
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.sph.unc.edu/nccphp/training/foodborne/certificate.htm
Report on the status of disaster & bioterrorism preparedness of America?s public health system.
Author: Trust for America's Health
Format: PDF file
URL: http://healthyamericans.org/reports/bioterror05/bioterror05Report.pdf
Recommendations on combating agroterrorism on organism, farm, sector & national levels.
Author: Anne Kohnen
Format: PDF file
URL: http://ianrhome.unl.edu/inthenews/resources/bcsia_recommendations.pdf
Checklist of security procedures for pork producers for enhanced on-farm security.
Author: National Pork Board
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.biosecuritycenter.org/content/security.pdf
This guide helps public utilities evaluate the relevance of state public disclosure laws to their particular situations, providing strategies to help protect sensitive information that could be used by domestic or international terrorists to disrupt or destroy critical infrastructures.
Author: Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.amwa.net/isac/StateFOIA.pdf
Damage to the nation's water supply and water quality infrastructure could disrupt the delivery of vital services, threaten public health and the environment, and possibly cause loss of life. Currently, no federal standards or established best practices to govern readiness, response, or recovery efforts exist within the water infrastructure sector. This report reviews water infrastructure, describing security-related actions taken by the government and private sector since 9/11, as well as additional policy issues and responses.
Author: C. Copeland and B. Cody, Congressional Research Service
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.fas.org/irp/crs/RL32189.pdf
This document provides policy guidance for integrating consideration of deliberate acts of sabotage of food into existing prevention and response programs. Establishing and strengthening systems to address food terrorism, including disease outbreak surveillance and investigation, precautionary measures and emergency response systems gives basic capacity to prevent and manage food safety emergencies.
Author: World Health Organization
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/general/en/terrorist.pdf
This document describes biological and toxin agents, the means of their weaponization, and who might make such weapons. It also examines U.S. vulnerabilities to biological and toxin weapons attacks and proposes steps to better manage the consequences of such an attack.
Author: National Institute for Public Policy
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.nipp.org/Adobe/Toxin%20Weapons2.pdf
This paper summarizes proceedings from a workshop that discussed the limited availability of vaccines to protect both military and civilian populations against biological agents (e.g., anthrax and smallpox) and the adequacy (or inadequacy) with which related industries could respond and analyzed how the policies and procedures of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration relate to the availability of drugs and biologics.
Author: RAND Corporation
Format: PDF file
URL: http://rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/2005/RAND_OP102.pdf
The Office of Science and Technology, in conjunction with the RAND Corporation, convened a panel in 2003 to organize a future research and development agenda for combating biological acts of agro-terrorism directed against U.S. livestock and related produce. This report contains the papers submitted for the conference and provides an overview of the findings and recommendations of the forum.
Author: RAND Corporation
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.rand.org/pubs/conf_proceedings/CF193/CF193.pdf
This report discusses the views of nationally recognized experts on key issues concerning wastewater security, including the potential vulnerabilities of wastewater systems, activities that most warrant federal support to mitigate the risk of terrorism, and criteria for allocating and distributing federal funds.
Author: U.S. Government Accountability Office
Format: PDF file
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