Defending the safety of our food supply through education
FPE is collaborative multi-institution public and private partnership within the DHS National Center for Food Protection and Defense. Resources are provided to enhance our nation's intellectual capacity to prepare for, protect, respond to and recover from incidences of intentional contamination of our food supply.
Occupation(s): Homeland Security.
This paper focuses on the goals of agroterrorism, possible groups engaged in this type of terrorism, the consequences of such actions, features of an attack, how technology will change the threat of terrorism, what states are most at risk, and how agroterrorism might be deterred.
Author: Mark Wheelis, University of California, Davis
Format: Online
URL: http://www.fas.org/bwc/agr/agwhole.htm
Agriculture requires a domestic preparedness program to for economic and employment protection. Though progress has been made since the September 11 attacks, concerns remain regarding the deliberate introduction of a Foreign Animal Disease (FAD) in multiple locations and/or with multiple pathogens that could potentially overwhelm an emergency response system. In this context, adequate preparation of veterinary and scientific personnel is crucial.
Author: Stephen M. Apatow, Humanitarian Resource Institute
Format: Online
URL: http://www.humanitarian.net/biodefense/ap11602.html
This presentation outlines Foot and Mouth disease, other bioterrorist agents, and the consequences of such an attack. The presentation also examines the purpose of agroterrorism, animal and crop vulnerabilities, pathogens of concern, and the threat of agroterrorism.
Author: U.S. Department of Agriculture
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.mipt.org/pdf/puttingcttoworkappendixk.pdf
Agroterrorism awareness training in Georgia for those who have a potential role in responding to an agricultural incident. Included will be information stressing the economic importance of agriculture and food, examples of potential problems, and what to do if a problem arises.
Author: University of Georgia & Georgia Department of Agriculture
Format: Classroom
URL: http://www.agrosecurity.uga.edu/
This report explores agriculture as a terrorist target, which is increasingly recognized as a national security threat. According to the author, "agroterrorism is a subset of bioterrorism, and is defined as the deliberate introduction of an animal or plant disease with the goal of generating fear, causing economic losses, and/or undermining stability."
Author: Jim Monke, Congressional Research Service
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.fas.org/irp/crs/RL32521.pdf
As relatively little consideration has been given to terrorist threats against agriculture and food industries, RAND Corporation examines key weaknesses inherent in the agricultural sector and the food chain, assesses the capabilities needed to exploit those vulnerabilities, and discusses potential ways to improve agricultural emergency response and management.
Author: RAND Corporation
Format: Online
URL: http://rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB7565/RB7565.pdf
The ALERT initiative is intended to raise the awareness of state and local government agency and industry representatives regarding food defense issues and preparedness. It is generic enough to apply to all aspects of the farm-to-table supply chain and is designed to spark thought and discussion with a variety of stakeholders. ALERT identifies five key points that industry and businesses can use to decrease the risk of intentional food contamination at their facility.
Author: Food and Drug Administration
Format: Online
URL: http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/alert.html
This audio tutorial, presented by Pam Jenkins, MSN, EdD, Foodborne Disease Nurse Epidemiologist at the NC Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Public Health, gives the viewer an introduction to epidemiological investigations of foodborne disease outbreaks.
Author: North Carolina Center for Public Health Preparedness
Format: Classroom
URL: http://www.sph.unc.edu/nccphp/training/anatomy/certificate.htm
This presentation outlines a history of bioterrorism, recent biological attacks, the history of anthrax, human infection, treatment, current bioterrorist events in the United States, and other chemical agents.
Author: Supercourse
Format: Powerpoint presentation
URL: http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec9751/index.htm
Video presentation on Avian Influenza disease in poultry, the consequences of Avian Influenza within agriculture & economically, & the potential impact of this disease upon public health.
Author: Alabama Department of Public Health
Format: Video
URL: http://streamer.state.ak.us:8080/ramgen/hss/dph/phtn/AvianInfluenzaAlabama10-6-05.rm
An overview of risk communication practices related to public health preparedness for food and agricultural emergencies.
Author: University of Minnesota Center for Public Health Preparedness
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.sph.umn.edu/img/assets/8805/BestPracticesRiskComm.pdf
Forty-five PowerPoint presentations with speaker notes and fact sheets developed by the Center for Food Security and Public Health for veterinarians and the public.
Author: Iowa State University Center for Food Security and Public Health
Format: Online
URL: http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/DiseaseInfo
This course is part of the Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response (PH 460) course series. These courses can be taken separately and in any sequence desired. The overall PH 460 series provides an introduction to public health emergency preparedness and response by examining the purpose, history, organization, functions, tools, activities and results. Case studies and a variety of practice-related exercises serve as a basis for learner participation in real world public health problem-solving simulations. The various components of these courses serve to stimulate interactions among learners and instructors around important problems and issues facing public health. Since computers and the Internet's World Wide Web are now basic tools for public health practitioners, these courses also seek to foster and enhance skills related to the use of technology for accessing and using information and for communicating with colleagues.
Author: University of Illinois at Chicago Public Health Preparedness Center
Format: Classroom
URL: http://www.asph.org/acphp/detail.cfm?ResourceID=201
Fears about terrorism usually center on nuclear or biological weapons. But attackers could cause huge economic damage by spreading plant or animal diseases. This article explains how this threat is being confronted.
Author: Virginia Gewin
Format: Online
URL: http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nature/journal/v421/n6919/full/421106a_fs.html
Video presentation on chemical agents of opportunity, toxic chemical & toxic Industrial materials, means of use of chemical agents to create harm, & Impacts upon public health, as well as behavioral health.
Author: Alabama Department of Public Health
Format: Online Video
URL: http://streamer.state.ak.us:8080/ramgen/hss/dph/phtn/ChemAgents9-2-04.rm
This study examined law enforcement's role in protecting American agriculture from international and domestic terrorists, militant animal rights groups, economic opportunists, and disgruntled employees.
Author: Terry Knowles, James Lane, Dr. Gary Bayens,Dr. Nevil Speer, Dr. Jerry Jaax , Dr. David Carter, Dr. Andra Bannister
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/212280.pdf
Video presentation on history of epidemics, Including foodborne Illness epidemics, ecologically-originated Infectious disease agents, strategies for preventing future outbreaks, & emerging Infectious diseases that could be considered bioterrorism threats.
Author: Alabama Department of Public Health
Format: Online Video
URL: http://streamer.state.ak.us:8080/ramgen/hss/dph/phtn/EmergingInfectious8-26-04.rm
Homeland security strategic plan for the protection of the nation?s drinking & wastewater infrastructure, chemical & hazardous materials sector, & response to & recovery from acts of biological, chemical, certain radiological & other terrorist attacks. Include details on the protection of water as a critical infrastructure & discussion of EPA participation pertaining to homeland security efforts for food.
Author: Environmental Protection Agency
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.epa.gov/epahome/downloads/epa_homeland_security_strategic_plan.pdf
Bioterrorism preparedness act from FDA designed to improve the ability of the United States to prevent, prepare for, & respond to bioterrorism & other public health emergencies. Includes section entitled, Protecting Safety and Security of Food and Drug Supply.
Author: Food and Drug Administration
Format: Document
URL: http://www.fda.gov/oc/bioterrorism/bioact.html
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has published the final two proposed food safety regulations required by the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002 ("The Bioterrorism Act of 2002"), which gave FDA new authority to protect the nation's food supply. Proposed regulations on the establishment and maintenance of records would apply to almost all foreign and domestic food sources and recipients of food destined for U.S. consumption. Other proposed regulations on administrative detention implement FDA's new, self-executing authority to detain any article of food that may pose a threat of serious adverse health consequences or death.
Author: Food and Drug Administration
Format: Classroom
URL: http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/NEWS/2003/NEW00902.html
This course will address the reasons and logic, which would focus a terrorist attack on the food supply. The characteristics of the food supply chain will be examined and the links which expose themselves to interruption, explored. Countermeasures on the global /strategic level as well as on the local tactical level will be in the context of their utility and effectiveness. The nature and characteristics of specific bacterial and chemical agents will be examined and the specific clinical presentations of disease expounded. Specific procedural and operational countermeasures for preparation and/or attack response will be examined. The anticipated clinical course and prognosis of the specific disease agents in human or animal victims will be examined and therapeutic and remedial options explored.
Author: South Central Public Health Partnerships
Format: Online
URL: http://lms.southcentralpartnership.org/scphp?productID=prdct000000000001002
An education module addressing identification of vulnerabilities in retail food supply and development of countermeasures for food defense was developed by Amy Brock-Martin, PhD, a research assistant professor in the Department of Health Services Policy and Management at the Arnold School of Public Health and Deputy Director of the South Carolina Rural Health Research Center.
Author: University of South Carolina Center for Public Health Preparedness
Format: Online
URL: http://sph.sc.edu/acphp/Trainingproducts.htm
Participants in this course tap into a wealth of resources from experts working within the food system and industries in order to develop the necessary tools to help prepare for and solve the challenges of food protection and defense. Students become familiar with criminal justice, emergency management, the food and hospitality business industry, and the public-private approach toward team building and communication.
Author: Michigan State University
Format: Online
URL: http://www.foodsafe.msu.edu/education/proms/index.htm
Foodborne diseases continue to be a major public health problem. Current systems of food production cannot deliver a risk-free food supply. Risk assessment tools provide a basis for managing risks in an informed way, both from the standpoint of production and regulation of the food supply. This course examines strategies for managing risk for specific foods and across the food system.
Author: University of Minnesota Center for Public Health Preparedness
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.sph.umn.edu/img/assets/8740/HedbergPubH7216-101.pdf
This article discusses the history of the bioterrorism act and the subsequent government actions to increase food protection and defense since the act was passed in 2002. The article also outlines the history of food threats and analysis.
Author: Wayne Ellefson and Ron Weiss
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.covance.com/docs/food_jun05.pdf
This article discusses food security examining the difference between food security and food safety, the potential impacts of an attack on the food supply, the most vulnerable foods, potential agents, and responsibilities of citizens to help protect against such attacks.
Author: U.S. Department of Agriculture
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/PPT/Workshop_Food_Security_Awareness_alt/index.asp
Powerpoint presentation on difference between food safety & food security, the challenges presented by the prevention of food attacks, assessing vulnerabilities, and the need for partnerships.
Author: Michigan Department of Agriculture
URL: http://www.michigan.gov/mda/0,1607,7-125-1568_21390-68104--,00.html
This course provides both traditional students and current practitioners with a broad overview and assessment of the contemporary homeland security program. It is open to both undergraduate and graduate students.
Author: Michigan State University
Format: Online
URL: http://homelandsecurity.msu.edu/courses.html
This course is part of the Environmental Health (PH 470) course series. These courses can be taken separately and in any sequence desired. The overall PH 470 series provides an introduction to environmental and occupational health. Case studies and a variety of practice-related exercises serve as a basis for learner participation in real world public health problem-solving simulations. The various components of these courses serve to stimulate interactions among learners and instructors around important problems and issues facing public health. Since computers and the Internet's World Wide Web are now basic tools for public health practitioners, these courses also seek to foster and enhance skills related to the use of technology for accessing and using information and for communicating with colleagues.
Author: Center for Public Health Preparedness
Format: Classroom
URL: http://www.asph.org/acphp/detail.cfm?ResourceID=1075
A reaction article to the May 2005 New York Times opinion piece on May 30, 2005 that made the claim that a single terrorist could contaminate the milk supply with a lethal toxin by following the instructions in a jihadi manual available on the Internet.
Author: Milton Leitenberg and George Smith
Format: Online
URL: http://www.fas.org/sgp/eprint/milk.html
These Guidelines serve as a set of general activities, objectives & elements that organizations as well as those in command positions within the organizations, should consider in the development of prevention plans. The Guidelines are divided into the functional categories of Collaboration, Information Sharing, Threat Recognition, Risk Management & Intervention.
Author: Iowa Homeland Security & Emergency Management
Format: Online
URL: http://www.iowahomelandsecurity.org/asp/training/classes.asp
Commercial agricultural and food transporters are essential to addressing the security concerns of this portion of the farm-to-table continuum.This guide is the result of a voluntary cooperative effort of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Agricultural and Food Transporters Conference (AFTC) of the American Trucking Associations (ATA). It provides voluntary guidance for enhanced security practices within the industry.
Author: U.S. Department of Agriculture
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.usda.gov/homelandsecurity/aftcsecurguidfinal19.pdf
This news release announces another step in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services comprehensive approach to enhancing food security?the allocation of $5 million to support a new research program that develops technologies and strategies to prevent and minimize potential threats to the safety and security of the nation's food supply.
Author: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Format: Online
URL: http://www.dhhs.gov/news/press/2003pres/20030723.html
This study assesses how vulnerable the agricultural sector and the food chain are to a deliberate act of biological terrorism, explores possible outcomes of a successful attack, and outlines the agricultural industry's importance to the U.S. economy.
Author: RAND Corporation
Format: PDF file
URL: http://rand.org/pubs/monographs/2004/RAND_MG135.pdf
The Environmental Protection Agency's Homeland Security Strategy guides the agency's homeland security efforts, describing its goals, initiatives, and key activities for protecting the nation from the consequences of terrorist attacks.
Author: Environmental Protection Agency
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.epa.gov/OHS/pdfs/EPA-HS-Strategy.pdf
Training includes security & crisis plan development, evaluation & updating.
Author: Iowa Homeland Security & Emergency Management
Format: Online
URL: http://www.iowahomelandsecurity.org/asp/training/classes.asp
U.S. agriculture generates more than $1 trillion per year in economic activity and provides an abundant food supply for Americans and others. Since September 11, concerns have surfaced about the vulnerability of U.S. agriculture to agroterrorism. Several agencies, including the Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Departments of Agriculture, Homeland Security, Health and Human Services, and Defense, play a role in protecting the nation against agroterrorism. In this report, the Government Accountability Office examines the federal agencies' roles and responsibilities to protect against agroterrorism, the steps that the agencies have taken to manage the risks of agroterrorism, and the challenges that remain.
Author: U.S. Government Accountability Office
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d05214.pdf
This lecture examines the history of biological warfare, biological terrorism, the basics of bioterrorism, agents of bioterrorism, characteristics of agents, and anthrax.
Author: Supercourse
Format: Powerpoint presentation
URL: http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec10181/index.htm
This presentation examines the identification of anthrax, anthrax in the United States, small pox, diganosis of small pox, and the war on diseases.
Author: Supercourse
Format: Powerpoint presentation
URL: http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec10191/index.htm
To impart an understanding of the importance of imported food & how weaknesses in the importation process can put the U.S. food supply at risk for intentional contamination. Included will be an understanding of how food is imported, how imported food may be a target for intentional contamination, & the basics of the container trade.
Author: Iowa Department of Public Health - Upper Midwest Center for Public Health Preparedness
Format: Online Webcast
URL: http://www.prepareiowa.com/Public/
Report strategies for effective communication during a crisis incident when typical communication capabilities are non-operational. Provides guidance on governance, standards / technology & funding.
Author: Iowa Communications Task Force
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.iowahomelandsecurity.org/asp/CoEM_FR/ComInteropStrategy.pdf
This report describes what environmental professionals did in response to the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 and explores what they might have done differently.
Author: The National Environmental Health Association
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.neha.org/pdf/messages_in_the_dust.pdf
This course examines how specific food products are created and how they move through the food system; how our government protects against threats to the U.S. food system; food-related actions your family can take to prepare for any type of disaster or emergency; what consumers and agricultural producers can do to protect against intentional threats to our food system; and lessons learned from actual cases of intentional attacks on our food systems.
Author: Extension Disaster Education Network
Format: Classroom
URL: http://www.eden.lsu.edu/learningOps/OnGuard/default.aspx
This paper discusses the biosecurity threat faced by the United States' agricultural resources. It includes information on the agricultural biosecurity threat, potential perpetrators, and potential crop pathogens.
Author: Center for Infectious Disease Research & Policy
Format: Online
URL: http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/cidrap/content/biosecurity/ag-biosec/biofacts/agbiooview.html
This article analyzes historical examples of biological weapons programs and biological attacks on agriculture, examines the technical and environmental requirements to develop and weaponize antiagricultural agents, and proposes steps for prevention and response.
Author: Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
Format: Online
URL: http://www.thebulletin.org/article.php?art_ofn=so01cameron
Program of Instruction (POI) guide for preparing those involved in a community response to terrorism. Participants will gain knowledge in recognizing targets of terrorism in communities, understanding resources that may be available in their region, developing a comprehensive plan, & developing a plan for to identify, collect & share information with state & federal agencies. For further information, visit the NCBRT: www.ncbrt.lsu.edu
Author: Louisiana State University
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.in.gov/dhs/training/ag_terror.pdf
A brief article on steps that can be taken to prevent and/or mitigate the potential harm of the intentional contamination of our food supply.
Author: Dietary Managers Association
Format: Online
URL: http://www.dmaonline.org/fppublic/connect36.html
This exercise involves an intentional attack on our food system with a highly toxic agent. The exercise is designed to be educational in nature and to help participants think through and understand the responses and relationships necessary for the successful resolution of an event. The exercise will last approximately 3 hours and will be broken down into series of six scripts, each with a discussion time of 10-45 minutes.
Author: University of Minnesota
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.sph.umn.edu/img/assets/8805/HayBotToxTabletop.pdf
This report profiles 17 drinking water utilities that are incorporating watershed management and protection as an integral part of their business of providing safe drinking water to their customers.
Author: Environmental Protection Agency
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/swp/swpcases.pdf
This report discusses the federal requirements for the security of the chemical and water sectors, both of which are defined as critical infrastructure systems and assets by the USA PATRIOT Act.
Author: U.S. Government Accountability Office
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d05327.pdf
Checklist of security procedures for pork producers for enhanced on-farm security.
Author: National Pork Board
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.biosecuritycenter.org/content/security.pdf
Master's degree program to enhance the organization and management of security operations in business, industry and government.
Author: Michigan State University
Format: Classroom
URL: http://www.cj.msu.edu/~academic/descrcourse.html
This guide helps public utilities evaluate the relevance of state public disclosure laws to their particular situations, providing strategies to help protect sensitive information that could be used by domestic or international terrorists to disrupt or destroy critical infrastructures.
Author: Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.amwa.net/isac/StateFOIA.pdf
Damage to the nation's water supply and water quality infrastructure could disrupt the delivery of vital services, threaten public health and the environment, and possibly cause loss of life. Currently, no federal standards or established best practices to govern readiness, response, or recovery efforts exist within the water infrastructure sector. This report reviews water infrastructure, describing security-related actions taken by the government and private sector since 9/11, as well as additional policy issues and responses.
Author: C. Copeland and B. Cody, Congressional Research Service
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.fas.org/irp/crs/RL32189.pdf
Included is information on chemical, biological & radionuclear agent use in the food supply, guidance for integrating consideration of deliberate contamination of food into current programs, strengthening of communicable disease control systems, and policy advice on alert & response systems via linkages with key entities.
Author: World Health Organization
Format: Document
URL: http://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/fs_management/terrorism/en/index.html
This document provides policy guidance for integrating consideration of deliberate acts of sabotage of food into existing prevention and response programs. Establishing and strengthening systems to address food terrorism, including disease outbreak surveillance and investigation, precautionary measures and emergency response systems gives basic capacity to prevent and manage food safety emergencies.
Author: World Health Organization
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/general/en/terrorist.pdf
A list of seven signs of terrorist activities.
Author: Financial and Banking Information Infrastructure Committee
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.fbiic.gov/reports/Seven_Signs_of_Terrorism_Handout.pdf
This document describes biological and toxin agents, the means of their weaponization, and who might make such weapons. It also examines U.S. vulnerabilities to biological and toxin weapons attacks and proposes steps to better manage the consequences of such an attack.
Author: National Institute for Public Policy
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.nipp.org/Adobe/Toxin%20Weapons2.pdf
The Office of Science and Technology, in conjunction with the RAND Corporation, convened a panel in 2003 to organize a future research and development agenda for combating biological acts of agro-terrorism directed against U.S. livestock and related produce. This report contains the papers submitted for the conference and provides an overview of the findings and recommendations of the forum.
Author: RAND Corporation
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.rand.org/pubs/conf_proceedings/CF193/CF193.pdf
The threats of terrorism and economic sabotage against agriculture in the United States are neither fixed nor certain. Some have said that it is not a matter of "if", but "when". The following addresses the need for enhance disease surveillance from epidemiological and inspection standpoints.
Author: Dorothy B. Preslar
Format: Online
URL: http://www.fas.org/ahead/agroterror.htm
This lecture series will compare and contrast past and contemporary examples of domestic and global terrorist attacks on agriculture, food and water systems in order to instill in the student an appreciation for the serious public health challenges posed from such attacks. We will consider the use of microorganisms, radiation, and chemicals to inflict damage on plants, animals, ready-to-eat and fresh food supplies, water sources, public health, and public morale. In addition, we will review laws, regulations and organizations that are used to protect U.S. populations from such attacks.
Author: South Central Public Health Partnerships
Format: Online
URL: http://lms.southcentralpartnership.org/scphp?productID=prdct000000000001010
This report discusses the views of nationally recognized experts on key issues concerning wastewater security, including the potential vulnerabilities of wastewater systems, activities that most warrant federal support to mitigate the risk of terrorism, and criteria for allocating and distributing federal funds.
Author: U.S. Government Accountability Office
Format: PDF file
URL: http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d05165.pdf
Course resources will introduce zoonotic disease basics to non-veterinarians, and explore zoonotic diseases as potential bioterrorism agents with emphasis on the Category A zoonotic agents. The topics of food security and agroterrorism will be explored, and the framework for disease surveillance will be presented. Case studies and outbreak scenarios will lead the participants through the steps of zoonotic outbreak investigations, highlighting the role of environmental public health professionals. A review of the competencies for public health environmental health workers will be detailed as well.
Author: University of Michigan School of Public Health
Format: Online
URL: http://www.sph.umich.edu/bioterrorism/Zoonotic/index.html
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